Upcoming November 14 Google Doodle

Class 9 Chandigarh student's drawing will be the Google doodle on November 14 :) :)

Google India has announced Arun Kumar Yadav, a class 9 student of Kendriya Vidyalaya from Chandigarh, as the winner of the Doodle4Google 2012 competition. The winning Doodle titled 'India - A Prism if Multiplicity' will go live on the Google (India) homepage on November 14, National Children's Day. The Doodle will also be featured on a special color pack and drawing book by Classmate.

Cotton Ear Buds...

Cotton Ear Buds... (Must read it)

Please do not show sympathy to people selling buds on roadside or at Signals. Just wanted to warn you people not to buy those packs of ear-buds you get at the roadside.

-----> It's made from cotton that has already been used in hospitals.. They take all the dirty, blood- and pus-filled cotton, wash it, bleach it and use it to make ear buds. So, unless you want t

o become the first person in the world to get Herpes Zoster Oticus (a viral infection of the inner, middle, and external ear) of the ear and that too from a cotton bud, DON'T BUY THEM!!

Cystic neoplasm of pancreas (RAPID REVIEW)

Cystic neoplasms of pancreas include:
1. Serous cystic neoplasms (30%)
2.Mucinous cystic neoplasm (50%)

3. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm

Serous cystic neoplasms (SCN)
Mean Age:62years
Site:Head of pancreas
Macroscopy:Small spongy clusters of clear cysts <2cms
CT scan: 1. Central sunburst/stellar scar appearance 2. Each cluster resembles BUNCH OF GRAPES 3. HONEYCOOMB appearance

Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN)
Mean Age: 53 years
Site:Body and uncinate process
Macroscopy: Large cysts >2cms (~ 6 in number)
CT scan:Papillary invaginations into cyst (ovarian stroma +)

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)
Mean Age:63yrs
Site:Head of pancreas tail of pancreas
Macroscopy:Pancreatic duct dilatation
CT scan:Fish mouth sign

SCN and MCN common in females and IPMN common in males.

Courtesy: Mcgraw-hill companies

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction resembles bacterial sepsis and can occur after initiation of antibacterials such as penicillin or tetracycline, or treatment of tick-borne relapsing fever. An association has been found between the release of heat-stable proteins from spirochetes and the reaction. Typically, the death of these bacteria and the associated release

of endotoxins or lipoproteins occurs faster than the body can remove the substances. It manifests as fever, chills, rigor, hypotension, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, vasodilation with flushing, myalgia (muscle pain), and exacerbation of skin lesions. The intensity of the reaction indicates the severity of inflammation. Reaction commonly occurs within two hours of drug administration, but is usually self-limiting. Prophylaxis and treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent may stop progression of the reaction. Oral aspirin every four hours for 1–2 days, or 60 mg of prednisone orally or intravenously has been used as an adjunctive treatment.

The Herxheimer reaction has shown an increase in inflammatory cytokines during the period of exacerbation, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8.

Most women with primary syphilis and 50% of women with secondary syphilis develop JH reaction following penicillin therapy.

Fasanella Servat Operation

Fasanella Servan Operation is a surgical procedure for management of ptosis

In this procedure the upper border of tarsus is excised with lower border of muller muscle and overlying conjunctiva. It is done where levator function is adequate and atleast 10mm and ptosis is not more than 2mm.
Indications: Horner syndrome and very mild congenital ptosis.

The woman who grew a new ear on her arm:

Doctors at Johns Hopkins have successfully grown an ear on a woman's arm. Sherrie Walters, 42, had an ear grown on her arm to replace one removed after developing basal cell carcinoma in 2008. The illness meant that she had her ear, a piece of her skull and her ear canal removed.

She is now the first person ever to have their ear regrown using cartilage taken from her rib. The team of surgeons, led by Dr. Patrick Byrne, took rib cartilage to shape a new ear, according to Red Orbit. In an experimental procedure, it was placed under the skin and allowed to grow for four months before being transplanted into her head.

Response to Iron Therapy In Iron Deficiency Anemia

Response to Iron Therapy In Iron Deficiency Anemia

12-24hours--> Replacement of intracellular iron enzymes; subjective,improvement; decreased irritability; increased appetite

36-48hours--> Initial bone marrow response; erythroid hyperplasia

48-72hours--> Reticulocytosis, peaking at 5-7days

4-30days--> Increase in hemoglobin level

1-3months--> Repletion of iron stores

Figure: Iron Cycle-->Iron is bound and transported in the body via transferrin and stored in ferritin molecules. Once iron is absorbed, there is no physiologic mechanism for excretion of excess iron from the body other than blood loss i.e., pregnancy, menstruation or other bleeding.

Is Chocolate Good for Your Heart?

Why a little, in moderation, may be beneficial
Chocolate has gotten a lot of media coverage in recent years because it's believed that it may help protect your cardiovascular system. The reasoning being that the cocoa bean is rich in a class of plant nutrients called flavonoids.

Flavonoids help protect plants from environmental toxins and help repair damage. They can be found in a variety of foods, such as fruits and vegetables. When we eat foods rich in flavonoids, it appears that we also benefit from this "antioxidant" power.

Antioxidants are believed to help the body's cells resist damage caused by free radicals that are formed by normal bodily processes, such as breathing, and from environmental contaminants, like cigarette smoke. If your body does not have enough antioxidants to combat the amount of oxidation that occurs, it can become damaged by free radicals. For example, an increase in oxidation can cause low-density lipoprotein (LDL), also known as "bad" cholesterol, to form plaque on the artery walls.

Flavanols are the main type of flavonoid found in cocoa and chocolate. In addition to having antioxidant qualities, research shows that flavanols have other potential influences on vascular health, such as lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow to the brain and heart, and making blood platelets less sticky and able to clot.

These plant chemicals aren’t only found in chocolate. In fact, a wide variety of foods and beverages are rich in flavonols. These include cranberries, apples, peanuts, onions, tea and red wine.

Are all types of chocolate healthy?
Before you grab a chocolate candy bar or slice of chocolate cake, it’s important to understand that not all forms of chocolate contain high levels of flavanols.

Cocoa naturally has a very strong, pungent taste, which comes from the flavanols. When cocoa is processed into your favorite chocolate products, it goes through several steps to reduce this taste. The more chocolate is processed (through things like fermentation, alkalizing, roasting, etc.), the more flavanols are lost.

What about all of the fat in chocolate?
You may be surprised to learn that chocolate isn’t as bad for you as once believed.

The fat in chocolate comes from cocoa butter and is made up of equal amounts of oleic acid (a heart-healthy monounsaturated fat also found in olive oil), stearic and palmitic acids. Stearic and palmitic acids are forms of saturated fat. You may know that saturated fats are linked to increases in LDL cholesterol and the risk of heart disease.

But, research shows that stearic acid appears to have a neutral effect on cholesterol, neither raising nor lowering it. Although palmitic acid does affect cholesterol levels, it only makes up one-third of the fat calories in chocolate. Still, this does not mean you can eat all the dark chocolate you’d like.

Radiological findings of scruvy(Long bones)

Radiological findings of scruvy(Long bones)

Info: Radiological findings of scruvy(Long bones)

Scurvy is a common nutritional disorder in developing countries due to high prevalence of malnutrition. Vitamin C performs various important functions in the body. It is required for synthesis of supporting tissues of mesenchymal origin like osteoid in bone, chondroid in cartilage, dentin in teeth and collagen in capillary walls. It enhances iron

absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, acts as an anti-oxidant, required in the coagulation pathway, also in tyrosine metabolism and synthesis of corticosteroids. Amla, guava and citrus fruits are rich dietary sources of vitamin C. Human breast milk has five times more vitamin C than cow's milk, thus breast fed infants are less prone to develop scurvy. Delay in starting weaning foods, improper dietary habits and recurrent diarrhea predispose to scurvy.

Cataracts

Cataracts-Few interesting types

Christmas tree cataracts-Seen in Myotonic dystrophy .Christmas tree cataract consists of highly refractile multicolored "needles" crisscrossing the lens fibers of the deep cortex.Cystine is the most likely candidate for the Christmas tree needles .

Oil Drop Cataract -In Galactosemia.Accumulation of dulcitol (galactose reduction product) within the lens cells leads to increased intracellular osmotic pressure and fluid influx into the lens.Early cataracts reversible with dietary restriction of galactose. Zonular or nuclear opacity with increased refractive power of the nuclear portion causes an "oil droplet" appearance on retroillumination.
Cerulean (blue-dot) cataract -Down's syndrome.

Rosette Cataract -Traumatic origin.

Sunflower Cataract -In Wilson’s Disease .

Polychromatic luster-bread crumb appearance -Complicated cataract .

Zonular cataract or Lamellar cataract (Cataract with riders) -the most common type of Congenital cataract

Morgagnian cataract - one type of Hypermature senile cataract . The cortex has turned into milky liquid and the nucleus is displaced inferiorly.

Glass Blower’s Cataract -Due to Infrared irradiation.